Book Report The Corona Project by Curtis Peebles :: essays research papers

THE CORONA PROJECT AMERICAS FIRST SPY SATELLITESCurtis Peebles is empowering readers with the newly declassified info on how the first American satellites were set into phthisis for intelligence gathering. Through his book, The Corona Project Americas First Spy Satellites, the author gives detailed information on the birth of the satellite computer programme by watching the Corona project from its beginnings in the late 1940s to the declassification of the project and its exhibitions at the Smithsonians National Air and Space Museum. The book begins with a look into World War II and how the event of Pearl Harbor pressed the need for aerial reconnaissance. The first chapter gives the different technological challenges that had to be face up in order to achieve aerospace superiority. This chapter takes a close look into the development of the WS-117L reconnaissance satellite and how the two projects are related.The main thrust that the project authoritative was from the launch of Sputnik I. With the Soviets now seemingly ahead, the author explains how the project was taken away from the Air Force who was failing with the WS-117L and passed the mission onto the CIA for the development of the Corona satellites. Peebles explains that the difference betwixt the two programs is that the WS-117L promised almost real-time through radio-transmitted imagery while the Corona missions would drop the film from the nose cone for development. The engineering team faced many challenges in the task of getting the satellites into orbit as explained in chapter three. The chapter covers blundering trial afterwards trial and the success finally achieved by Discoverer 13 after delivering its payload (an empty capsule) undamaged to the earths surface. Peebles goes into depth about the first sets of films that were recovered and developed in chapters four through six and then(prenominal) goes into depth about how this new satellite program revolutionized the capabilities that the Americans now had in aerial reconnaissance. Peebles covers the continuing evolution of the KH or Key Hole cameras used alongside the Corona satellites. The author talks extensively about the Kennedy administration and the Corona project, which lead to the increase of security as the project grew. The bread and butter of the information provided in the text can be found in chapters seven through nine. In these chapters the author provides detailed information about how the satellite preformed operations. Furthermore, Peebles begins share new information about recently declassified photography of Soviet (and a few other countries) installations.

Abortion is Legal Murder :: The Right to Life, Pro-Life Essays

Every day, over 4,000 unborn babies are killed in the United States because of abortion. It has withal been scientifically proven that a fetus had a heartbeat in the beginning than 22 days of conception. And yet people say that the violate in not living, simply because it is unborn? How can something with a heartbeat not be alive? Some people might say that it depends on the situation. What possible situation would make it ok of someone to simply kill her flub? The baby had never done anything wrong, and yet it is still legal to erase its existence. But what if the woman was raped? Some people would argue that the woman should defy the honest to have an abortion, because it was not her fault that the baby was conceived. It was not the babies fault either, so the baby should not be punished? If the pregnant woman does not emergency to carry the baby for the full 9 months, the fetus could be move in a surrogate mother, who give nurture the fetus inside of her, and when the ba by is born, the baby will be placed in the arms of the original mother. And if she does not want the baby, she can put the baby up for adoption, and be placed in a home where its life will be cherished forever rather than simply thrown away and forgotten.Some people also say that if a teenage girl gets pregnant, she has a right to get an abortion, because her life should not be ruined at such a one-year-old age because of a child. My answer to this is simple dont do the crime if you cant do the time. In other words, dont have sex if you dont want to have a baby. Contraceptives may help reduce pregnancy, but it is not 100% safe. If you have sex, there will always be a chance of pregnancy, no matter what age you are. But what if the pregnancy is threatening the life of the mother? There are more safe ways to extract the baby from the womb without killing it. The baby could be placed in a surrogate mother until it is born, or it could require a Vitro baby. Vitro babies are commonly knows as test tube babies. This works by very carefully removing the fetus from the womb into a glass cannular container, where it will be properly nourished, and soon develops into a full functioning human baby.

The History of Alcatraz Island Essay -- Alcatraz Federal Prison Jail E

The History of Alcatraz IslandAlcatraz Island has quite a distinct history. Many people know that Alcatraz served as a federal prison, just now most are reluctant to know that this island served as fort. Built before the Civil War, it served two main purposes. First, that it was to guard the San Francisco bay area from enemy ships against a foreign invasion, and second, to hold hostage prisoners of war or POWs as they were called. In this report, Ill show you how this fortress came to be a federal prison, why it is no long in proceeding today, and most importantly, to show why it was built in the first place. When the great Gold Rush of 1849 first started, California grew from what would be considered a small, unpopulated state, into what it is now. California is now one of the most populated states and it was mostly the gold rush that brought attention to California. As the government saw all of this happening, they recognise that California was much more important than they ev er realized. In their realization, they decided that California must be protected. San Francisco has one of the largest bays in all of California, and so this was where enemy countries would most likely to try to invade the country. So this is where Alcatraz was to lie, to serve as a military fort. It was supposed to serve as a secondary hind end in companionship to an different base located on the other side of Golden Gate Bridge. But with severe problems trying to build this other base, Alcatraz was to remain alone. Out in the middle of the San Francisco Bay, the island of Alcatraz is definitely a world unto itself. Isolation is just one of the many constants of island brio for any inhabitant on Alcatraz Island. It is the most reoccurring theme in the unfolding history of Alcatraz Island. Alcatraz Island is one of Golden Gate National Recreation Areas most popular destinations, offering a close-up verbalism at a historic and infamous federal prison long off-limits to the public . Visitors to the island can not only explore the remnants of the prison, but learn of the American occupation of 1969 - 1971, early military fortifications and the West Coasts first and oldest operating lighthouse. These structures stand among the islands many natural features - gardens, tidepools, bird nests, and bay views beyond compare. (1) Fortress Alcatraz ran in operation from 1850 - 1933. It served as San Fr... ...worth THIS? We can either learn from what valuable lessons that were taught at alcatraz, or we can be ignorant and let it happen again. Alcatraz was considered hostile, cruel, and unjust, and it was. But there was a lesson to be taught, now if we dont learn that human life is the most precious gift that we take for granted, then Alcatraz was a good idea and it needs to be reinstated. But when you allow a man to lose his freedoms that our forefather fought for, with impunity, it is simply the worst thing to happen. Alcatraz was built for a good reason, it served fo r a good reason. so it was transformed into The Rock. Al l the good that went into was lost. We as a country lost sight of what was important to us, and now if we dont learn from it, we are only petition ourselves for it again. Bibliography 1. The Alcatraz WWW Homepage, Yahoo Search Engine, 1996 2. Professor Clyde W. Richins, University of Michigan, 1990, Vol. 1 of In the life of Alcatraz pages 1944- 46 3. Doctor William M. Hellem, Medical Physician on Alcataz Island, 1983, Vol. 1 of In the life of Alcatraz pages 132-134 4.Lutenient George R. Hendershaw, Guard that seved on Alcatraz Island,

Shit I Do For Fun Essay -- essays research papers

To learn into the mind of a television addict, we must look at the big regard First we recognize the voluntary slavery that makes up the majority of modern life. A I see it, people confirm up early, put on work clothes, and work like machines for the rest of the day getting no satisfaction from their repetitive day-jobs. Then come understructure around seven oclock to their families who have already had dinner, and the kids already getting in bed. By that time there is almost no get on left for quality family time or boththing else to pursue thats worthwhile. Thus the person turns to the television for that instant dose of friendship and gratification that could not be found anywhere else during his or her day. Once the person gets comfy on the lazy-boy, he becomes quickly stimulated and amazed by the intense sound and picture of thirty frames per second, and suddenly forgets thinking about the real world. Notice how some people become extremely annoyed when you talk to them o r distract them when they are ceremonial a program, or even a commercial. And might even yell at you for walking in front of the TV. As the hours of straight zombie-like watching go by, the person slips further into the fantasy world of television, and with you breaking that link between them and the tube comes as a shock to them. Someone suffer be so engulfed that it becomes a regular part of his/her daily routine. As a result of a lot of watching TV, studies have shown that the heart consecrate, and blink rate have slowed down dramatically and muscular function decreased down to the snap of a finger on the remote or the lift of a drink. The stimulation of the picture and sound shift so rapidly that they must become completely relaxed to soak it all up. Television is like an addiction, and like any addictive substance a moral message lies behind it The advertising and the programs are only theyre to keep the viewer coming back for more. save there are even deeper morals to the story. The televisions main purpose is to distract from what you really want to be doing. Than around the second line of commercials you realize that you could be doing far better things than this, but before that thought gets to you, another flashy commercial pops up that literally says damnit stay in your seat, weve got more products to sell you. And give the viewer the sense that he/she cannot live without it. And this is... ...half its inorganic wastes. Television is where one must look to blame for this chaos. As it is the obvious driving force. With that in mind, how can it be possible for people to see past these views long enough before they realize what impact the media has on them, if they ever do, let them decide for themselves. In other words, how much TV must we watch before we realize what it is doing to us as people, and as a society. As you think about this, and oppugn how we can change it all, obviously it is going to have to be a grass-roots effort. And since t he message wont come to you through the TV or the government (since they breed some of it), it will only come from friends, and from other people showing the Tv-aholik that there is another way to live. Something like hey come with me, I can be a real friend to you, make you laugh, and share the world together. The light bulb of the soul switches off as we switch on the TV. And I remember that the bulb can only flicker again from the wisdom of someone else that shares the same thoughts about the media. But ultimately, in the end people are inquisitive for meaning, and that meaning can only come from within, and for each of us to find.

Atmospheres Unlimited in Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

Atmospheres Unlimited in Macbeth Shakespeare becomes a master of diverse atmospheres in his cataclysm Macbeth. We shall assure closely the changing, more forcefully developing atmospheres here. Blanche Coles states in Shakespeares Four Giants that he agrees with G. B. Harrison, that this play contains one of the finest examples of atmosphere ever created in drama Macbeth is overwhelmed with the significance of his stinking deed. His wife is concerned only with the details of what must be done next - with facts. She has no imagination. The passage between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth after the murder is one of the finest examples of atmosphere ever created in drama.(62) In Fools of Time Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows how the atmosphere is altered for the better at the end of the play This theme is at its clearest where we are most in sympathy with the nemesis. Thus at the end of Macbeth, after the proclamation the time is free, and of promises to make repa rations of Macbeths tyranny Which would be planted new with the time, there will be a renewal not only of time but of the whole rhythm of nature symbolized by the word measure, which includes both the music of the spheres and the dispensing of human justice . . .. (94-95) D. F. Bratchell in Shakespearean Tragedy records Charles Lambs consideration of Macbeths atmosphere as essential to the purpose of the play For Lamb the essence of the tragedy in Macbeth lies in the poetically suggested atmosphere of horror and evil impulse, readily seized upon by the imagination of the perceptive reader, whereas stage representation concentrates the mind on the action. (133-34) Roger warren comments in Shakespeare Survey 30 , regarding Trervor Nunns direction of Macbeth at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1974-75, on opposing imagery used to support the opposing atmospheres of purity and black wizard(prenominal) Much of the approach and detail was carried over, particularly the clash between religious purity and black magic. Purity was embodied by Duncan, very infirm (in 1974 he was blind), dressed in white and accompanied by church organ music, set against the black magic of the witches, who even chanted Double, double to the Dies Irae. (283) L.C. Knights in the study Macbeth mentions equivocation, unreality and unnaturalness in the play - contributors to an atmosphere that may not be very realistic

Atmospheres Unlimited in Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

Atmospheres Unlimited in Macbeth Shakespe are becomes a master of diverse standard atmospheres in his tragedy Macbeth. We shall examine tight the changing, more forcefully developing atmospheres here. Blanche Coles states in Shakespeares Four Giants that he agrees with G. B. Harrison, that this play contains one of the finest examples of atmosphere ever created in drama Macbeth is overwhelmed with the significance of his filthy deed. His wife is concerned only with the details of what must be done next - with facts. She has no imagination. The passage between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth after the murder is one of the finest examples of atmosphere ever created in drama.(62) In Fools of Time Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows how the atmosphere is altered for the better at the end of the play This theme is at its clearest where we are most in sympathy with the nemesis. Thus at the end of Macbeth, after the proclamation the time is free, and of promises to make reparations of Macbeths tyranny Which would be planted newly with the time, thither will be a renewal not only of time but of the whole rhythm of nature symbolized by the word measure, which includes both the music of the spheres and the dispensing of human justice . . .. (94-95) D. F. Bratchell in Shakespearean Tragedy records Charles Lambs consideration of Macbeths atmosphere as essential to the purpose of the play For Lamb the essence of the tragedy in Macbeth lies in the poetically suggested atmosphere of horror and evil impulse, readily seized upon by the imagination of the perceptive reader, whereas stage representation concentrates the mind on the action. (133-34) Roger Warren comments in Shakespeare Survey 30 , regarding Trervor Nunns direction of Macbeth at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1974-75, on opposing imagery used to support the opposing atmospheres of purity and black magic very much of the approach and detail was carried over, particularly the clash between religious purity and black magic. Purity was embodied by Duncan, very infirm (in 1974 he was blind), change in white and accompanied by church organ music, set against the black magic of the witches, who even chanted Double, double to the Dies Irae. (283) L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth mentions equivocation, unreality and unnaturalness in the play - contributors to an atmosphere that may not be very realistic

Budget Management Anylasis Essay

The first step in cost- unevenness analysis is developing a figure this is an assumption of all cost in the hospital (Miller & Ryan, 1995). The second step is to collect information on accurate cost accounting (Miller & Ryan, 1995). It can be challenging for healthcare organizations to develop a budget or cost-variance analysis because of the complexity of the healthcare economy. Using the hospital of phoenix budgeted be were compared to actual utilization. Several variances exist in all categories. underdeveloped an accurate budget is one strategy to manage a budget within the forecast. Collected data and accounting resources can help management to arise an accurate budget. Other strategies can come from surveying all parts of the hospital to get the opinions of staff in all areas on how to keep costs in budget or simply minimize cost. The involvement of all staff leave behind create an urgency for budget compliance and involvement will make employees feel as though the task is more personal. Benchmarking progress through out the year is important. Changes and evaluations can be made to areas that are not with in the targeted budget. This will help by making changes before the variance becomes any higher and may decrease the overall variance.The budget report showed variance outdated among in diligent revenue, outpatient revenue, office supplies, purchased services, equipment maintenance & repair, depreciation expense, and operating margin before contractuals. The inpatient and out patient revenue had variances that were over the projected budget. However, as a result of the decrease in patientservices the operational expenses of salaries, avails, medical supplies, and pharmaceuticals were reported under the projected budget amount. The decrease in patient services could throw been for a number of reasons. Repairs and maintenance on equipment was under budgeted for. Lack of functioning equipment may have been one reason for the decrease in patient servi ces.If needed equipment is not available a patient must be sent to a facility with the proper equipment and services. This takes away from the hospitals revenue as well as its statistics. To determine other reason why there was a decline in patient revenue would require more information. The overage of money spent on office supplies cannot be accounted for. There was a lower than expected patient load therefore the cost for office supplies should have been lower than expect as the medical supplies proved to be. There needs to be a unit based investigation to see where the additional expenses on office supplies are coming from.To improve the variance with in the predicted budget and the actual spending benchmarking should be used. There are three approaches to benchmarking competitive, cooperative, and collaborative (Finkler, 2007). competitory benchmarking would find specific information about man-to-man areas. This would be a good way to track supply usage and also staffing on in dividual units or areas of the hospital. Cooperative benchmarking is a process in which information from other organizations is used to improve this hospitals budget (Finkler, 2007).This could help the hospital improve the overall budget analysis and plan ways to save within the facility. The third benchmarking approach is collaborative benchmarking which refers to finding information in particular areas of the hospital and using it to benefit all areas of the organization (Finkler, 2007). Information from the pharmaceuticals area could be used to improve other areas such as the variance with office supplies.ReferenceFinkler, S. (2007). Financial charge for Nurse Managers and Executives (3rd ed.). Saunders Elsevier Inc. St. Louis, MO. Retrieved on February 29, 2013 from University of Phoenix Materials.Miller, T. R., & Ryan, J. B. (1995). Analyzing cost variance in capitated contracts. Healthcare Financail Management, 49(2), 22-3. Retrived from http//search.proquest.com/docview/19637 2371?accountid=35812 Nelson, B. (1994). Improving cash flow through benchmarking. Healthcare Financial Management, 48(9), 74-8. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/196364264?accountid=35812

How the emotion affects the person Essay

In the modern world, emotions play such a large role in almost everything people do, it is hard to make a decision which will get the most desirable results. It is true, however it is looked upon, that decisions and choices are mainly made by the emotion that the person is feeling towards the topic. A kind person will go join the Peace Corps and help aide the poor and starving, term a person with no pity towards much of anything will not mete out enough to do something of that nature. Pity is one of the key emotions in qualification decisions. If someone feels sorry for another individual, they are much more likely to go out of their way to help this person. Whether it is from dropping a few coins into a beggars cup, or just helping out a friend, people have to go out of their way because of pity. Pity is more than a simple emotion which so-and-so lead people do to things for others, however. It can bring upon new feelings within an individual and help them to achieve a high le vel of consciousness. Decisions are intertwined with everyone in the worlds lives, and if they do not begin to see the reasons behind their decisions, it could have devastating results.Pity towards an individual can have an feat on almost everything in the world. Whether it is bargaining for the price of clothing, to giving money to a poor person, in that location can be all kinds of changes depending on a persons circumstance. This, however, is not a good thing because there are always people in the world who do not care about others and can con someone and take advantage of them. Although pity can be good or bad, it is mainly shown as a theatre of weakness in a person. It can make someone decide to do irrational things for another and bring them in danger. People say that having a ruthless leader would be bad, but they are wrong because being ruthless does not mean being evil or mean, it just government agency knowing that feelings cannot get in the way of decisions.Emotions a re much more than influences in our decisions, however. They play a key role is almost everything in the world. If there was no emotion in any novels or movies or anything of that nature, how would we be able to enjoy life? Music is basically an extension from our own charitable emotions, and that is why music can be integrated in much of our situations of life. In movies, it would not sound right if a swinging beat was apply in a war scene, or viceversa. Thus, it is simple to say that emotions do play a role in our lives.The effects of emotions in our lives can vary from person to person, but no matter how hard someone tries, they cannot escape having and feeling these things. Whether it is good or bad, choices are made depending on the emotions regard in the consequences. Pity is one of the major feelings dealt with when faced with a decision about another individual. Are they poor? In need of help? These are both basic questions that are asked to oneself when deciding on what to do in a situation. Although it is impossible to stay out of the grasp of emotions, it is very possible to see the effects of them, and make decisions based upon the knowledge at hand.

Explication de Texte of Main Street by Sinclair Lewis

I. SUBJECT Carol Milford is a student of Blodgett College, and the protagonist of Main Street by Sinclair Lewis. Her ambition is to settle spile in a prairie village and transform it into a place of beauty. She works as a librarian at St. Paul after her graduation. She marries the doctor Kennicott, whom she met at a friends stomach. Life in gopher turtle Prairie offers no challenges. Kennicott takes her on a long tour to California and other places. Carol returns to Gopher Prairie and tries to be enthusiastic most the town but feels tired of the hypocrisy and decides to leave.Kennicott feels distressed and she assures him that she would come back if she is able to find out what she needs. She works in Washington for two years. Kennicott visits her in Washington to woo her for the second time. Carol mellows and admits her desire to return to Gopher Prairie. Kennicott asks her to return moreover when she is prepared. She talks to the leader of the ballot movement who tells her th at she cannot achieve anything without total dedication.She convinces Carol that she can play at least a weakened role in changing spiritedness by persistently asking questions whenever she finds anything that hinders social alternate. Her life in Washington helps her to acquire a mature outlook towards life and is at last able to ask Gopher Prairie and its citizenry as they are, but she does not give up her fight to make Gopher Prairie a offend place. She gives birth to a female child and feels optimistic that her daughter will carry on the fight that she had started and witness a united world. II. THEMEThe main theme of the story is lawlessness and reformation. The rebellion is against materialism, lack of equality between the rich and the poor, the ugliness of the town, its narrow-mindedness and its prejudices. Carol wants to reform the town by teaching the people to appreciate poetry and to knell themselves with beauty and by teaching them to play. She tries to put up a play, read poetry to Kennicott and campaign for a new city hall, school and a better rest room and also by organizing parties and games. Though she cannot scram about any radical changes, her triumph lies in utting up a fight and care her faith. Main Street brings to light the discontent of the protagonist because of her inability to bring about a change in the attitudes of the people of Gopher Prairie. She appreciates beauty of simplicity. She believes that life should uphold the virtues of equality and freedom. She disapproves of exploitation. Therefore she opposes the industrialization which wipes out the beauty of the land and the spirit of adventure of the pioneers of America. She also rebels against the exploitation of the farmers and the laborers.She incurs the wrath of the matrons of Gopher Prairie by salaried six dollars a week to her maid and also by justifying the wages by pointing out that the job they did is very tedious. She insists that the rest room for the farme rs wives should have better facilities, because it brought the farmers business to the merchants of the town. The reforms she proposes are very simple. She wants beautiful buildings. She wants to cultivate the taste of the people. She wants to teach the farmers wives the proper elbow room to care for their babies and to make good stew.She suggests setting up an employment bureau so that they will not depend on charity. The women of Gopher Prairie snigger at Carols suggestions. They oppose the idea of empowering the poor women to be self-sufficient because that will deny them the chance to be charitable. When Carol suggests that they should mend the clothes before handing them out as charity, the women pounce once again on Carol and overrule the suggestion as unnecessary because it would en courageousness those women to be lazy. Carol feels bilk by this mindlessness.Hence she leaves Gopher Prairie so that she can find out what she can achieve in life. In Washington, she gains the objectivity necessary for any reformer. She gains courage and learns how to direct her energy to effect changes, and returns to Gopher Prairie reconciled. The minor theme of the novel is that marriage is not to be taken lightly. Carol does not accept the understructure of marriage blindly. Her expectations and demands as a wife are juxtaposed with the other wives in Gopher Prairie. Her rebellion seeps into her personal life as well and makes it so much the better for it.III. DICTION Sinclair Lewis has a vivid style. His description of nature provides the appropriate background for the mood of the characters. When Carol goes out for a walk with Erik they arrivederci a grove of scrub poplars looming now like a menacing wall (392). When she is with Kennicott beside the lake she watches long grass mossy bogs and red winged black birds (57). When she is pensive she sees gray fields closing in on her. He uses verbs very effectively. Carol perceives when she observes something seriousl y.When she is upset with Kennicott for forgetting to give her money, she commands him to come upstairs because she does not wish to reason the matter in the presence of company and Kennicott clumps after her. His use of satire is very effective and adds color to his narration. Carol watches a professional play, which to her is boringly universal in all aspects and finds the audience lapping it up. She comments sarcastically that the only trouble with The Girl from Kankakee is that it is too subtle for Gopher Prairie (225). The description of the idiosyncrasies of the occupants of Gopher Prairie is full of humor.When Raymie praises about the trust of Kennicotts patients in the doctor comments wryly, Its me that got to do all the trusting, and in a dramatic aside, whispers to Carol gentleman hen (59). When Kennicott is huffy about the motor trip he expects Carol to be effusive about academic questions as now I wonder if we could stop at Baraboo (196). Kennicotts faith in cars is a high-church cult with electric sparks for candles, and Piston rings become the alter-vessels and liturgy composed of intoned and metrical road comments (196).The plot moves through a combination of dialogue and narrative. With minor pauses in some seemingly meaningless conversation, the diction shows the inner workings in Carols mind and throughout the other characters of Gopher Prairie, such as Vida who was a devout Christian. The narrative half of the plot gives insight characterization. For instance, she says this to no one, but Vida had considered her hour with Professor George Edwin Mott somehow naughty, and thought that she was superior to have kept her virginity (251).The diction upholds the subject and theme through the usage of words such as reformer, suffragist, and other choice words involving civil rights. It relates to Carols constant want to change the town of Gopher Prairie, and the other reformations happening in Washington, D. C. and the resistor she faces in he r town, and in her own home. In times of despair, she finds her surroundings closing in around her She saw the furniture as a circle of ripened judges condemning her to death by smothering (31). IV. TONEThe atmosphere of hostility is produced by the conflict between Carols desire to change the town and the towns resistance to Carols ideas. She is bewildered and hurt by the rebukes and rebuttals. Carol develops the right attitudes necessary for a reformer in the last three chapters of the novel. This helps her to face life with more sympathy, tolerance and hope. V. SYMBOLISM Carols interests in trains, books, and nature all symbolize her desire to evade the narrow confines Gopher Prairie. In Chapter 19, she daydreams about taking a train to escape the town.In Chapter 22, she escapes the town mentally through reading a number of books. Beginning in Chapter 5, she finds natural beauty in the countryside that she does not find in town. Indeed, throughout the novel, Carol often takes w alks and spends time in the countryside in order to escape Gopher Prairie. In Chapter 2 and Chapter 38, Kennicott shows his wife pictures of Gopher Prairie as he attempts to court her and convince her return to the town. In Chapter 2, Carol sees only streaky pictures of trees, shrubbery, a porch indistinct in leafy shadows, and lakes (18).The fact that she sees the pictures in Chapter 2 as streaky and indistinct symbolizes her detachment from the community. However, in Chapter 38, she sees her own house and familiar faces in the photographs, symbolizing her connection to the town. As Lewis indicates in his preface, Gopher Prairie represents a microcosm of America in the early twentieth century. Lewis creates many characters as exaggerations, or typical, rather than individuals, to suggest that the people and institutions found in Gopher Prairie can be found anywhere. By criticizing Gopher Prairie, Lewis therefore attacks American society as a whole.Carol and Vida seem to be foils in that Carol is a reformer, whereas Vida is the representation of a society reluctant to let go of their ways. Though in a passage Vida thinks that she is, and always will be, a reformer, a liberal (253), she puts lie to this statement at the beginning of the chapter she displays as much open-mindedness as a nun when Lewis writes that she hated even the sound of the word sex and prayed to Jesusaddressing him as her eternal lover (251). Carol, on the other hand, indeed does try to bring reform to the town.She tries to bring beauty and culture, but is met by the bulwark of Gopher Prairie. Yet free she pushes on, introducing a professional play, music and poetry. Despite all her attempts, she still fails. Though some battles cannot be won, she wants to give her fighting spirit to her daughter. VI. SPEAKER The speaker of Main Street is in ternary person, who is omniscient of the happenings and minds of the citizens of Gopher Prairie. VII. twist The novel is shared into six parts, plo t-wise. The first part introduces Carol, the heroine of the novel.The second part deals with her marriage and elaborates on her fears of life as the wife of Dr. Kennicott in the small prairie town. The third part describes her house warming party in which Carol makes a statement about her taste and attitude followed by the details of the trials and tribulations of Carol as a reformer of the smug town. The fourth part is the thirty-sixth chapter, which may be called the climax of the story because Carol walks out of her marriage and Gopher Prairie. The pastime two chapters form the fifth part which describes Carols work inWashington, her reconciliation to life in Gopher Prairie and it also reunites Carol and Kennicott. The bodily construction of the novel consists of a yellow and black cover, with a small portrait of the author in the approximate middle. It is four hundred and fifty-one pages, divided into thirty-nine chapters, which are then sub-divided both are numbered by Roman numerals. Preceding the story is a miniature biography of the author (viii) and a small preface that explains Gopher Prairie is a small pocket of America, but America nonetheless, whose citizens are set in their ways.VIII. IMAGERY This is an example of personification the land busyness (139). This describes the beauty of the land around Gopher Prairie and inspires Carol, since she wants to make the town just as beautiful through her reforms. This is an example of a simile Kennicott was as unflinching in routine as an isolated old man (291). With the use of as, Kennicott is compared an old man being set in his ways. An example of antithesis would be that when Kennicott, before his marriage to Carol, had put his arm around Vida carelessly. While she strained away, she longed to move nearer to him (251). In this example of personification, the deep-bosomed bed stiffened in freak (32) at having such an extravagant shirt laid on it. In the same paragraph, the said chemise and lace was a hussy (32) and seemed overly consume in the simple house in which Carol lived. In this conceit, Lewis writes that a village isa force seeking to dominate the earth, drain the hills and seas of color (267).He is verbalism that such a village drains the world of its natural beauty, to be replaced by man-made materialistic things, with a standard style. Anything else would seem out of place. Carol calls the people who live in the Northern Middlewest pioneers, these sweaty wayfarers (24). They have just begun to build a society in that area, and she thinks that such an area has much hope. When Dr. Kennicott takes Carol hunting, she wonders why he hasnt fired when a crash sounded and two birds turned somersaults in the air, plumped down (55). Such is an example of onomatopoeia.

Organizational Culture and Cultural Values Essay

One of the most prominent instrumental values of 3Ms shade, and which has contributed to its success is employee risk-taking and encouragement of the equivalent (Mitsch, 1990). 3Ms policy of creating room for employees to experiment and conduct research means that the researchers are more exposed to the risk of failure than they would be were risk-taking not encouraged. However, risk-taking too enhances chances of making improvements on existing products and developing new products. Another instrumental value in 3M is efficiency.Management of new technologies and innovations, assessing, reacting to and anticipating market trends, and assessing customer needs bottomland be very challenging for the management. Research and Development can be costly yet some results are not always positive or available for immediate use. The management of available resources requires efficiency in management. Efficiency is therefore central to 3Ms culture. An important terminal value of 3Ms culture is spirited quality of output to meet customer expectations. 3M improves the quality of its output by support research and development for long-term and short-term purposes.By encouraging risk-taking, allowing researchers to spend 15 percent of their time researching for new products and technologies, and scaling up R&D budget from 4. 6 percent to 6. 5 percent deep down a decade, 3M declares its intention to ensure that consumers get a continous supply of high quality products (Mitsch, 1990). A second terminal value is innovation. As noted above, 3M attaches high premium on research and development of new technologies and improvement of existing technologies and products (Mitsch, 1990).Innovation is one of the factors which separate market postulateers from mediocre organizations and 3M invests heavily to modify its innovative edge. Question 2 Human interactions, property rights and ethics do influence 3Ms cultural values. The involvement of marketing, manufacturing, quality, l aboratory, financial and packaging staff in production of new products promotes healthy relationships between staff members working with the different units. This team-work abridges the frequency of inter-departmental rivalry and exchange of blame for mistakes and failures.Healthy interactions among units and sub-units are instrumental to increase productivity and staff motivation. An important property right at 3M is access to and right to use laboratory resources and technologies developed within ones direct unit, as well as technologies developed by other units. A leading cause of failure in many organizations is unhealthy rivalry among units, which lead to some units keeping technologies and resources to themselves and barring others from accessing them.The management of 3M ensures that workers, regardless of which unit they come from, can access laboratory resources and technologies easily (Mitsch, 1990). Such property rights encourage inter-unit co-operation and cohesion, re duce R&D costs, and promote productivity in the long-term. They also enrich the organizations cultural values. Reference Mitsch, R. (1990). Case Three Roads to Innovation. journal of Business Strategy (Sept/Oct 1990), pp 18-21.

Status of Leader

Usually it is perceived that the status of loss leader incessantly affect the communications within the group and people with a higher status always intimidate people with a lower status since leadership is the procedure by which a leader, by influence, persuades followers to frustrate their objectives for the team. In simpler words, leadership is an act of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement or a specialized form of tender interaction in which cooperating individuals argon permitted to influence and motivate others to promote the attainment of group and individual goals.From each of these perceptions, leadership engages a course of influence whereby the leader has an impact on others by inducing them to behave in a certain manner. (Lussier, 2004) In order to influence the team members, the status of the leader plays very important role. People tend to listen and obey the people from higher status.Leadership i nvolves the possession of qualities that lead others to want to follow the leaders directives, either because they feel cause to do so, or because they desire to do so In other words, leadership is a characteristic that is voluntarily conferred upon a person by others and involves the business leader of a person to engage the active and willing cooperation of followers. Leaders come in each size, figure, and temperament short, tall, neat, sloppy, young, old, male, and female. However, they all seem to have some, if not all, of the concomitant constituents The first fundamental constituent of leadership is a guiding vision. The leader has a clear idea of what one desires to get professionally and personally and the force-out to persist in the face of setbacks, even failures. If not one knows where one is going, and why, one cannot possibly get there. The second fundamental constituent of leadership is dearest the underlying passion for the promises of life, combined with a ver y particular passion for a vocation, a profession, a course of action. The leader loves what he does and loves doing it. Tolstoy said that hopes are the dreams of the waking man. Without hope, we cannot survive, much less progress. The leader who communicates passion gives hope and inspiration to other people. The next fundamental constituent of leadership is integrity. There are threesome essential parts of integrity self-knowledge, candor, and maturity. (Leadership Qualities, 2005)Hence it is the status of leader always affects the communications within the group and people with a higher status always intimidate people with a lower statusReferencesLeadership Qualities, What makes a good leader? Retrieved on September 30, 2006 from http//www.teamtechnology.co.uk/leadership-qualities.htmlLussier, R.N., Achua, C.F. (2004). Leadership Theory, Application, Skill, Development, (2nd Ed.). Eagan, MN Thomsen Southwestern.

Csr on Chevron and Kellogg’s

Introduction In business world companies be implicated in how to maintain or attach sh beholder values and earn. So, in order to give something back to the general public, those companies abide to assume their responsibilities by organism aware of the effects of their activities in the community and take measures to control them because this can affect the community and the environment by polluting the air, destroying the ecosystem, over using natural resources and so on.CSR is often called corporate citizen which means that companies should be good neighbors of the community not to model against it solely collaborate with the citizen or the society in order to increase their welfare, to make a community a better place to live. (catalyst consortium, july 2002) What Corporate Social Responsibility is all intimately? In the other hand companies have to limit the excess damage on the environment, and help race in the economic development this is a way of behaving ethically in a business, foster with loyal spirit, ethical values, global measures and develop a general positive impact of the business on the society. hen a company choose to be complaisantly responsible they better be prepared to go through some difficulties and critics about the way they employ, and the goals they want to achieve and must not freeze the main purpose of the business which is making profit, Development Chevrons background * streak is an American second fossil oil company which has been founded in 1879 by an American group of explorers since then chevron has changed its name more than once but it took its name chevron in 1984 and it has worked with many other oil companies want Texaco and many more, the company now have 58,000employees and 4,000 service station employees. chevron, 2011) * KELLOGGS is a company which produce product comes from cereals the company has started in 1906 by W. K KELLOGGS in USA, it started with 44employeees but now it has become one of the big c ompany in the world which sell its products in about 180 countries most the world (kelloggs, 2011) So now we are going to see how these companies operate in social responsibility in environment and community its work in As chevron company which produce oil, it has a huge responsibility to defend its activities for it to keep a good impression from the society so this is how it operate in CSREnvironment chevron Kelloggs * protect environment in Indonesia include animals in a park by providing it zilch and support guards * publicise agriculture and help farmers in that selfsame(prenominal) region * Water treatment like clean a pond into fresh body of water so that people can use the former pond in agriculture * Create committee called ESHIA (environment, social and health impact assessment), in charge of studying a project prior to execution to ensure if is not a threat or a danger to the environment so that the ESHIA can see how to repress it or reduce the negative consequenc es it have on the environment(chevron, 2011) * its aim is to decrease the quantity of GHG they send into the atmosphere * new system of environment protection called K-CAPP (cares about people and planet) in supervising every Kelloggs factory in context of avoid danger * prevent lack of water reduce water consummation of their product where they replace the former method of cleaning their crops with dry technique to the wet system of cleaning * packaging recycle the statistics shows that 93% of Kelloggs waste is recycled and the 7% is used in nursing animals and producing energy (kelloggs, 2010)CHEVRON and KELLOGGS are both involved in the conservation of the environment and adjudicate to limit the indemnification caused by their activities on the ecosystem and guaranty the safety of the people who are using their products, it comes to wonder if what companies tell us is real . For example the consequences of CHEVRONs operations in Ecuadors Amazon where they have intentionally th rew 18. 5 billion gallons of toxic waste have caused cancer, birth defects, death and damages to the surrounding of the city dwellers. And whats more the recent case of oil spillage which caused serious problem to the environment in Brazil. (Rain forest action network, 2010). some other example of a company which their communicate is not the same as their activities on the field is the British oil company called BP.Indeed they say that they are doing the CSR base on what their former president said we want to operate in a friendly environment in order of renewable and lasting energy with a genuine concern for the environment but this is different of what happened these past years , as a matter of fact in 2010 the release of oil in the gulf of Mexico damaged almost everything near the coast , people lost their jobs, some of the species who were living thither died, and still now there is a problem of cleaning the water in the gulf because it has been pollute. So based on this ex ample we can ask ourselves if there is a real CSR in BP and CHEVRONs operations when they cannot control the dangerousness of their activities and be more careful about their effects on people and the environment. ommunity Chevron Kelloggs * promote microscopic enterprises where it invest about 25$million * create new jobs and train employees, like in Luanda (Angola) about 143 new jobs were created in 2010 * In education , 2000 students got enterpriser courses and provide trainings to teachers but in partnership with UNESCO and UNICEF * chevron and bank of Angola collaborate to facilitate people to get loan for their business development * with the partnership of a project called PROAGRO they assist farmers to increase their productivity * provide vaccination in Angola and Congo to eradicate a disease called polio chevron and its partners invested about 29million $ in medical training in 20 past years (chevron, 2011) * provide breakfast to schools children around the world so th at program appeal about $400,000 no profit * donate cashes and kelloggs product to assist people in Japan , Haiti, Australia caused by the disaster, when in 2010 * in 2011 it donate $500,000 to the American cross to give their hand in Japan during the disaster ,and besides it intervene in Chile after 1month in Mexico * 165 children received intelligence for them to continue their studies * Encourage children to practice sport when it sponsors schools in Sweden . (kelloggs, 2010) KELLOGGS show us their involvement in community welfare but we still dress some customers complaining about the ingredients of their products , which is increase obesity among people in USA (Robinson, 2010) and there are other companies such as NIKE , where employees work in a bad condition , children working in their factories ,over time work and all of that they just earn a miserable salary which doesnt harmonise on the efforts they put into the manufacturing of the product which the company will sell at high price.But they defend themselves by saying that there are not implied in this fact because they design the product and retailers produce them so they pretend there are not involved in the manufacturing process therefore, not linked to the situation they are accused for ,even if they are indirectly implied they have to control every single thing which is done under their name and which could affect their reputation, so this is a lesson to other companies that social responsibility starts within the organization with their employees before it spread out to the community , because those employees are one of the most reliable advertising legal instrument of the company . So they have interest to treat them well for them to insure the confidence of customers and employees (stephen p. , 2003) CSR is not only community which benefit from it but also companies ,when there are doing CSR this is a kind of advertising or save their reputation , and attract more confidence from their customersConclusion we cant blame all companies which are not doing CSR or to do it wrong, because its not always about managers of the company who dont want to do it but there are shareholders who dont want to spend their property in CSR all they want is to insure the maximization of their profit and there are those which avoid rap or being treated as hypocrisy and always be compared to others, try to please the community by doing CSR, (KARNANI, 2010) but also increase their profit and social responsibility and still reducing dangers of their operations ,because there are those companies which think that doing CSR is about spending money which will give them more expenditures by participating in for example charitable activities . (two tomorrows, jun 2009) and manager dont know how to differentiate till now , a social responsibility and social responsiveness , which is make a practical decisions about the societal actions in which it operate for its to satisfied some expressed s ocial needs because is guided by social norms , because manager focus just on things which increase profits, and this is most of the time because of some shareholders who dont want to spend their money in CSR , yes, is all businessman want but they can just try to do good hings to the society not just economic but also socially, by starting with their employees they work with by facilitate them and give them some opportunities. So if all all companies , instead of using a lot of money in advertising , to use it in charities this can be a good advertisement by doing good also to the society and the environment they work in ,and for those which do it already, they need to improve their way of doing CSR not only to advertise and restore the reputation, This is not only about doing things ethically or to invade their CSR report but also conduct the business in a responsible manner not because there are required to do it but because its their duty. (baker, jun 2004) . o do like KELLOGGS , CHEVRON, BP , NIKE and many others are doing, because they owe it to the society and the environment ,for example by improving working condition of their employees ,expanding employees rights and increasing job security, building schools to develop education ,in case of health also distribute medicines and construction of hospitals, and offer opportunities their employees and let people who are in same area take advantage of their presence by offering them jobs or constructing infrastructures, (businessdictionary. com, 2011) People dont just need words or CSR report on their website , they just want to see proof of what companies are capable to do for the society not only economically but also socially because developing a place while its environmentally dying doesnt mean any sense ,so companies have to see how to improve their CSR in those sector.

Mm Litteruture

To Celia is a wonder poem with a simple four line rhyme scheme (abcbabcb), scripted in first person. The over all tone of the poem is dreamy, optimistic, persistent, and gullibly innocent. The rhythm is smooth, and pensive, and seems to fall into an iambic pentameter. The poem gives the reader an intimate sense of this mans love, and obsession for the woman of his desire, Celia. I interpreted this poem as having a theme of lost love. I imagined that Celia is his ex-lover, he mollify is in love with her, and wants her to gain back to him.In the first stanza, the strong feelings he has for her are expressed metaphorically by comparing his love to drinking wine, and Joves Nectar, an elixir for immortality. He is shake up by her, and bedt blend in without her. In the first line Drink to me, only with thine eyes And I will p leadge with mine, he is enquire Celia to look at him with her eyes, and tell him she compose loves him, he will in turn promise himself to her. Or leave a kis s tho in the cup And Ill non look for wine significance If that is too much to ask, at least show him in some way that she still cares for him, and that will as least satisfy him. The thirst that from the soul doth rise Doth ask a drink divine, the desire and love he has for her is impetuous deep inside of him, and he needs her. But might I of Joves nectar sup I would not change for thine, meaning he cannot live without her. If he were given the gift of immortality, he would not take it just to be with her. A wreath is a symbol of eternity, in the game stanza, he expresses eternal love for her by metaphorically comparing it to the rosy wreath. I believe the wreath as well as may represent an apology.In the first line of the second stanza, I sent thee late a rosy wreath Not so much reward thee, I believe he is talking nigh the mistakes he make. He used the term late, implying that he was too late showing her his eternal love for her, and is now not able to have her, honoring being another word for having. As giving it a hope that there It could not withered be, he is telling her he loves her hoping their love is not lost. But thou thereon didst only breath And sentst it back to me, she doesnt want to listen to him anymore, takes a deep breath or sigh, and does not accept his apology. Since, when it grows and smells, I swear, Not of itself hardly thee, No matter what happens, I will always love you, and a piece of you will always be with me. Some techniques used in this poem are Alliteration, the use of metaphors, personification, irony, hyperbole, and possibly allegory. Alliteration can be identified in this poem by the quarrel that are stressed such as (highlighted in green above) in the first stanza, stresses are placed on Drink, cup, kiss, and divine. Metaphors were used to describe his love for Celia, such as drinking the wine, the elixir of eternal life, and the rosy wreath.Personification is used in personifying Celias eyes, as if they could s peak, and the thirst takes on a human quality of rising, and asking for a drink. I thought irony was present when Celia sent the wreath back, or denied his apology. The man disregarded this action, and continued with his protest of love for her. I estimate hyperbole was used a lot in this poem. For example the entire poem seems to be a hyperbole. It is extremely exaggerated, and in particular, the lines But might I of Joves nectar sup I would not change for thine, and Since, when it grows and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee. The images are unrealistic, and cannot be taken literally. I thought allegory can be identified in this poem, because if you read through the poem once, you may just interpret a man courting a woman, and the woman literally returning his gift to him, not acknowledging him. However I felt that these two people were at once very close. They loved each other, and the man did something that caused them to good fortune up. He still is madly in love with her , and would do anything to get her back. He apologizes to her, but it is not enough.The literal meaning is obvious, but the symbolic meaning of the poets word choices lead to my interpretation. I believe three main great concepts that influence the entire poems message would be word choice, tone, and symbols. Word choice is important in this poem, because the words used give the reader a detailed understanding of what the poet is trying to say. The words also piss the imagery of the poem, and set up the meaning of the symbols used throughout. For example the whole first stanza is surrounded by words that are related to drinking wine, such as drink, cup, wine, thirst, and nectar.The words advance it easy for the reader to determine that he is comparing the love he has for Celia to drinking wine, and the nectar of Joves. Her love is intoxicating, and worth more than anything to him. In the second stanza, the word choice I noticed was more important. The words late, rosy wreath, hon ouring, withered, breath, grows, smell, and swear, to me all had in depth meaning. For example late lead me to believe he had made a mistake. Rosy wreath suggested eternal love, and an apology. Honouring took on the meaning of having. Withered reminded me of dyeing, and lost love.Breath implied her presence, and disapproval. Grows, tells the reader that his love for her has only gotten stronger. Smell implies a sense of lingering, as if her essence is still all around him. Swear implies a promise to oneself, and he promises to always love her. The tone of the poem I described as dreamy, optimistic, persistent, and gullibly innocent. I think this tone is important in getting the poets mood across to the reader. The rhythm of the poem contributes to the tone because it is smooth and pensive. The poem is read in a smooth whimsical way, and slightly imploring.I thought it was dreamy because of the flowery language used, and the whimsical way it read through. Optimistic because he is hop eful that Celia still loves him, persistent, because he goes into length describing his love, and gullibly innocent, because even though it is clear Celia wants nothing to do with him anymore, he still holds onto the love he has for her. The symbols I thought were interesting, and really led me to discovering an underlying meaning to this poem. Examples of the symbol used in this poem are the eyes, Joves Nectar, the rosy wreath, and Celias breath.When the poet opens with mentioning thine eyes, it symbolizes that they are close, and he knows what she is feeling without her speaking. The eyes create intimacy in the poem. Joves Nectar symbolizes immortality, and his love. His love will never die for her. The rosy wreath symbolizes eternity, on how he will love her forever, and also I believe the wreath serves as a symbol for the apology he is giving her. Celias breath symbolizes her release from him. She does not take him in, but exhales. This symbolizes her rejecting him.I think these symbols were very influential in the way I interpreted this poem. In conclusion, I really enjoyed this poem, and digging into its underlying meaning. At first I found the language very hard to follow, and read it so many times I now have it memorized. I researched other peoples thoughts online, and realized that I had taken a different perspective on the poem compared to other reviews. I always find it interesting to see how otherwise people think, and how the meanings of these poems take life in the individual depending on their own experiences.

The Wounded Platoon

Being currently in the array I arouse mixed reactions when viewing this video. I perform the same role as Doc Krebs did, just for the Air Force Reserve. There Is a lot to consider when discussing this documentary. It was well constructed In the sense that those interviewed held confused positions representing nearly every step of the larger process that is the war. First I would like to discuss the cut of battle itself. Few of our nations military actually jibes combat, it is largely support for those who do. Of those who be placed In a combat situation the number of those is sustained combat day after day Is even fewer.Infantry during an skanky tactical plan are typically those who have suffered the worst. To make matters worse this particular war is passing taxing of a persons psyche. Unlike close to wars of the past the enemy is non readily identifi adapted. They wear no uniforms they blend in with the population. Threatening the locals into keeping quiet about which bu ildings they are in is not uncommon. It is no wonder that returning soldiers are scanning rooftops or firing at the first male they see viewing the site of an explosion. Who Is to say they didnt set It off?Often the explosion from an DIED Is the first wave of an oncoming attack and the gunfire is not far behind. It is easy to say that they should know better sitting on your couch watching this video. But nine months into a deployment especially one where you are on the offensive, not all people are strong enough to know the difference in that split second. The faithfulness is we will never know. Many of the soldiers Interviewed trace the root of their problems back to the death of SST Huh. This was the first of many sextuple traumas they encountered. They ere not yet numb to the effects of war.Numbness In itself Is a survival mechanism as mentioned by a troop in the video, that is necessary to perform at the level needed. In that instant its push down or be killed, nothing else matters. It also was especially tragic since the SST that was killed was so well respected and liked. nigh of the members did hear help and this is where we get our first glimpse of the larger problem. The speech granted by George pubic hair sending an special ASK troops Into battle sets off a chain reaction. There are only 25% of young people In this nation that are insider fit to join the military.This is due to a number of reasons such as weight, fitness level, health status, previous surgeries and intelligence level to appoint a few. It also takes a considerable amount of time from the start of a recruit write the papers to get them to basic training, which can take months in itself. Then they must be able to complete that successfully and move on and successfully complete their lob specific training. There Is additional training specific to the region and special tactics that also must be completed in front a member is even eligible to deploy.That is even if they are i nfantry as previously mentioned, most of the military does not perform that role. So this brings us to the finales make by the top level command. Does the military typically support criminals? No. Do they accord those with pending charges to deploy? No. Do they allow those who are mentally unstable to deploy without first getting treatment? No. Until this war they didnt allow All of these factors security threat overseas, and it worked. A multitude of factors that will forever remain unknown to everyone invite out the few who made the rules and we will fully know what he rational was.With that being said when the chairman says you must send this many men, you do. In an ideal world there would be enough to go around. Sure they could have pulled from another base. But what the video doesnt address is anyone elses deployment cycle. This platoon was Just one of many in the same situation. Do you send any(prenominal)one over to Iraq for another year 2 months after they have been r eunited with their family? The general population and the vast majority of the military itself do not know the manning of the force or who is actually eligible to deploy out of those who are in. It is authoritatively a tough call to make.Im certain that those who made it knew that there would be a downfall in some regard. In this case it is the health check system. The onset of this year we Just completed, has saw a tremendous surge in life- changing injuries and usefulness connected disabilities. As mentioned in the video it is an abnormal situation to be placed in. Many of those who were shown in the video were deemed unfit for continued military answer following their deployment, specifically for PETS. A diagnosis of PETS cannot be made initially after a traumatic vent, the symptoms must be present for several months and dismantle daily functioning.Irritability, a sense of being on guard, short temper, easily startled and nightmares are some of a plethora of symptoms experie nced. Access to care is another shortfall mentioned in this video. Some of the soldiers did not seek treatment due to stigma. Others such as Nash sought treatment too late after he had resorted to drugs and alcohol first. I will say that the military did fail them in the sense of the initial treatment. I wish I knew why this was the case. I can only speculate that it is due to not being fully aware of the tuition, money and a lack of available resources to treat these members.This brings us to another disaster not mentioned in the video. It is unclear what role the soldiers next in their chain of command (direct supervisor) played in this process. They could have advocated for the member, but more importantly they could have simply been there and stuck with them through every cyclorama of their treatment giving them support at every turn. It is impossible to tell from the video if an attempt was made and the supervisor was shut out, or if one of these men portrayed was the supervi sor of the others. That is how the leadership system stony-broke down.There is absolutely no way that the commander is responsible directly. Commanders are only informed of a uncomplaining seeking mental health treatment and they follow the recommendations given by those who actually evaluated the patient. They are given zero information on the diagnosis. Secondly they would be completely unaware of their subordinates behavior off duty. The nonstarter of the mental health system in the military is not surprising. The VA system is shambles and has been before the inflow of patients since the onset of this ar.Staffing and overcrowding is commonplace, at least it would appear the federal government cannot turn a blind centre anymore and is addressing this issue. The mental health system has strict rules about duty limitations and determines who is eligible for continued service based on condition but it is obvious in this case they if this process was started on these members as i t can take months for a member to be considered at maximal medical improvement. It is only at this point after the government has done everything in their power to aid the member that they can aka the decision to retain or discharge the individual.They simply may not have had the time, or the member may have forced leaderships hand by committing other faults such as felonies as evidenced in the video. It is certainly disheartening to see our military portrayed in this fashion although for some it is a reality. scorn what is shown in this video I feel that our mental health in the US military is performing better than ever before and operates at a high level. Certainly they could use more resources and module but that cost money that may not be slotted for this particular concern.Budget drives every action in Washington and sometimes it takes a crisis before those who serve us will listen. It will take long time to rectify the VA system, and there will also be problems and people lost in the system as they try to seek help as they are exiting the military by choice or otherwise. I am proud to serve in the military and help those who are wounded, physically or psychologically and will continue to do so. You must have faith that those above you are making the best and most informed decisions they can, even though you will never understand the factors that went into such a decision.

Psychology Memory Test Notes

Short term retrospection where small amounts of selective information sack up be lined for a small consequence of time. Long term memory where limitless amounts of information can be stored for a very long period of time. Capacity amount of information that can be held at either given time. Duration the length of time that memories can be held. Encoding the method in which information is expressed in a particular memory store. Displacement a way of memory cosmos erased from the short term memory before it an be transferred into the long term memory. Interference when information which is stored in the long term memory is confused with similar information.Free recall if a participant is asked to listen to 7 words and twin them in FREE RECALL that means that the participant DOES NOT have to repeat the words in the order they were verbalize in. Serial recall if a participant is asked to listen to 7 words and repeat them in that means that the participant HAS TO repeat the words in the order they were stated in. Digit span technique a method of measuring the capacity of the short term memory by asking participants to repeat a string of items which gradually increases until recall is not possible.Information processing systems atomic number 18 called models. The manipulation and transformation of information is controlled by the process of encoding retrieval strategies rehearsal there are three separate sensory stores according to A&S iconic store echoic store haptic store sperling ( )- used a chart containing three rows ot letters tor a second. This was used to square up evidence for the sensory memory. Items remain in the sensory memory for a very brief period of time. possibly less then two seconds) information in the sensory memory is in a relatively unprocessed form. information is passively registered in sensory memory. We cant control what enters. A&S believed the two different stores were different in terms of how long they last (duratio n) how much information they can store (capacity) how they store information (encoding) how information is lost (forgetting) The primacy and recency exploit state that the words at the start and at the end of the list are recalled better.Asymptotes ( middle words ) are poorly recalled. Primacy effect this is the tendency for the first items represented in a series to be remembered better or more(prenominal) easily. Recency effect this is the principle that the most recently presented items or experiences will most likely be remembered the best.

East and West by Rabindranath Tagore Essay

IIt is non always a profound interest in man that carries travellers nowadays to distant lands. more than often it is the facility for rapid move ment. For lack of time and for the sake of convenience we generalise and crush our piece facts into the packages within the steel trunks that hold our travellers reports. Our knowledge of our induce countrymen and our feelings about them piss slowly and unconsciously grown out of innumerable facts which atomic number 18 full of contradictions and subject to incessant change. They affirm the elusive mystery story and fluidity of life. We can non define to ourselves what we be as a whole, because we know to a fault much because our knowledge is more than knowledge. It is an immediate sense of in-personity, any evaluation of which carries most emotion, joy or sorrow, shame or exaltation. plainly in a foreign land we try to find our compensation for the meagreness of our data by the compactness of the generalisation which our im perfect sympathy itself helps us to form.When a stranger from the West travels in the eastern arena he takes the facts that displease him and readily makes use of them for his rigid conclusions, fixed upon the unch completely(prenominal)engeable authority of his ad hominem experience. It is like a man who has his own boat for crossing his village stream, entirely, on being compelled to wade across some strange watercourse, draws stormy comparisons as he goes from all patch of mud and every pebble which his feet encounter. Our mind has faculties which are universal, hardly its habits are insular. in that location are men who become impatient and angry at the least discomfort when their habits are incommoded. In their idea of the next world they probably study up the ghosts of their slippers and dressing-gowns, and expect the latchkey that opens their lodgment-house door on demesne to fit their front door in the diverse world. As travellers they are a failure for they h ave grown too accustomed to their mental easy-chairs, and in their intellectual genius make out mob comforts, which are of local make, more than the realities of life, which, like earth itself, are full of ups and downs, yet are one in their rounded completeness.The recent age has brought the geography of the earth near to us, just made it difficult for us to come into touch with man. We go to strange lands and abide by we do not live there. We hardly meet men yet only specimens of knowledge. We are in haste to seek for general types and overlook individuals. When we fall into the habit of neglecting to use the understanding that comes of sympathy in our travels, our knowledge of foreign state grows insensitive, and therefore easily becomes both unjust and cruel in its character, and as well as selfish and contemptuous in its application. Such has, too often, been the case with regard to the meeting of Hesperian populate in our days with others for whom they do not recogn ise any obligation of kinship. It has been admitted that the adoptings between different races of men are not entirely between individuals that our mutual understanding is either aided, or else obstructed, by the general emanations forming the social atmosphere.These emanations are our embodied ideas and collective feelings, generated according to special historical circumstances. For instance, the caste-idea is a collective idea in India. When we approach an Indian who is under the influence of this collective idea, he is no eternal a pure individual with his conscience fully awake to the judging of the value of a piecee being. He is more or less a passive medium for giving expression to the suasion of a whole comm hotshot. It is evident that the caste-idea is not creative it is merely institutional. It adjusts benevolent beings according to some mechanical arrangement. It emphasises the negative side of the individualhis separateness. It hurts the complete truth in man. In the West, also, the people have a certain collective idea that obscures their humanity. Let me try to explain what I feel about it.IILately I went to visit some battlefields of France which had been devastated by war. The awful calm of desolation, which still bore wrinkles of aggravatordeath-struggles stiffened into ugly ridgesbrought before my mind the vision of a huge demon, which had no shape, no meaning, yet had jaw arms that could strike and break and tear, a gaping mouth that could devour, and bulging brains that could conspire and invention. It was a purpose, which had a living body, but no complete humanity to temper it. Because it was passionbelonging to life, and yet not having the wholeness of lifeit was the most terrible of lifes enemies. Something of the same sense of oppression in a different degree, the same desolation in a different aspect, is produced in my mind when I make headway the effect of the West upon eastboundern lifethe West which, in its relation t o us, is all plan and purpose incarnate, without any superfluous humanity. I feel the contrast very strongly in Japan. In that country the old world presents itself with some ideal of perfection, in which man has his varied opportunities of self-revelation in art, in ceremonial, in religious faith, and in customs expressing the poetry of social relationship. There one feels that deep cheer of hospitality which life offers to life.And side by side, in the same soil, stands the modern world, which is stupendously big and office staffful, but inhospitable. It has no simple-hearted welcome for man. It is living yet the incompleteness of lifes ideal within it cannot but hurt humanity. The wriggling tentacles of a cold-blooded utilitarianism, with which the West has grasped all the easily yielding succulent portions of the East, are causing pain and indignation throughout the Eastern countries. The West comes to us, not with the imagination and sympathy that gain to pass and unite, bu t with a shock of passionpassion for power and wealth. This passion is a mere force, which has in it the principle of separation, of conflict. I have been fortunate in coming into close touch with individual men and women of the Western countries, and have felt with them their sorrows and shared their aspirations.I have known that they seek the same beau ideal, who is my Godeven those who deny Him. I feel certain that, if the bulky unused of culture be out(p) in Europe, our horizon in the East will mourn in darkness. It does not hurt my gazump to acknowledge that, in the present age, Western humanity has received its mission to be the teacher of the world that her science, through the mastery of laws of nature, is to liberate human souls from the dark dungeon of matter. For this very reason I have effected all the more strongly, on the other hand, that the dominant collective idea in the Western countries is not creative. It is ready to enslave or kill individuals, to drug a s lap-up people with soul-killing poison, blackening their whole future with the black mist of stupefaction, and emasculating entire races of men to the utmost degree of helplessness.It is wholly missing in inspiritual power to blend and harmonise it lacks the sense of the great personality of man. The most epoch-making fact of modern days is this, that the West has met the East. Such a momentous meeting of humanity, in lay to be fruitful, must(prenominal) have in its heart some great emotional idea, generous and creative. There can be no doubt that Gods choice has fallen upon the knights-errant of the West for the serve well of the present age arms and armour have been given to them but have they yet realised in their hearts the single-minded loyalty to their cause which can resist all temptations of bribery from the devil? The world to-day is offered to the West. She will destroy it, if she does not use it for a great creation of man. The materials for such a creation are in t he hands of science but the creative genius is in slices spiritual ideal.IIIWhen I was young a stranger from Europe came to Bengal. He chose his lodging among the people of the country, shared with them their frugal diet, and freely offered them his service. He found employment in the houses of the rich, teaching them cut and German, and the money thus agnizeed he spent to help poor students in buying books. This meant for him hours of locomote in the mid-day heat of a tropical summer for, intent upon exercising the utmost economy, he refused to take up conveyances. He was pitiless in his exaction from himself of his resources, in money, time, and strength, to the point of privation and all this for the sake of a people who were obscure, to whom he was not born, yet whom he dearly loved. He did not come to us with a professional mission of teaching sectarian creeds he had not in his nature the least proposition of that self-sufficiency of goodness, which humiliates by gifts th e victims of its insolent benevolence.Though he did not know our language, he took every single-valued function to frequent our meetings and ceremonies yet he was always afraid of intrusion, and tenderly anxious lest he might check us by his ignorance of our customs. At last, under the continual strain of work in an alien modality and surroundings, his health broke down. He died, and was cremated at our burning-ground, according to his express desire. The attitude of his mind, the manner of his living, the object of his life, his modesty, his unstinted self-sacrifice for a people who had not even the power to give publicity to any bounty bestowed upon them, were so short unlike anything we were accustomed to associate with the Europeans in India, that it gave rise in our mind to a feeling of love bordering upon awe. We all have a realm, a private paradise, in our mind, where dwell imperishable memories of persons who brought some divine light to our lifes experience, who may not be known to others, and whose name have no place in the pages of history.Let me acknowledge to you that this man lives as one of those immortals in the paradise of my individual life. He came from Sweden, his name was Hammargren. What was most remarkable in the event of his coming to us in Bengal was the fact that in his own country he had chanced to read some works of my great countryman, Ram Mohan Roy, and felt an immense veneration for his genius and his character. Ram Mohan Roy lived in the beginning of the last century, and it is no exaggeration when I describe him as one of the immortal personalities of modern time. This young Swede had the crotchety gift of a far-sighted intellect and sympathy, which enabled him even from his distance of space and time, and in spite of racial differences, to realise the greatness of Ram Mohan Roy.It moved him so deeply that he resolved to go to the country which produced this great man, and offer her his service. He was poor, and he ha d to wait some time in England before he could earn his passage money to India. There he came at last, and in reckless generosity of love utterly spent himself to the last breath of his life, away from home and kindred and all the inheritances of his motherland. His stay among us was too short to produce any outward result. He failed even to achieve during his life what he had in his mind, which was to found by the help of his scanty earnings a library as a archives to Ram Mohan Roy, and thus to leave behind him a visible symbol of his devotion. only what I look on most in this European youth, who left no record of his life behind him, is not the remembrance of any service of goodwill, but the precious gift of respect which he offered to a people who are fallen upon evil times, and whom it is so easy to edit or to humiliate.For the first time in the modern days this obscure individual from Sweden brought to our country the chivalrous courtesy of the West, a greeting of human fe llowship. The concurrence came to me with a great and delightful surprise when the Nobel Prize was offered to me from Sweden. As a recognition of individual moral excellence it was of great value to me, no doubt but it was the acknowledgment of the East as a mate with the Western continents, in contributing its riches to the common stock of nuance, which had the chief significance for the present age. It meant get together hands in comradeship by the two great hemispheres of the human world across the sea.IVTo-day the real East remains unexplored. The blindness of contempt is more hopeless than the blindness of ignorance for contempt kills the light which ignorance merely leaves unignited. The East is waiting to be understood by the Western races, in order not only to be able to give what is true in her, but also to be footsure of her own mission. In Indian history, the meeting of the Mussulman and the Hindu produced Akbar, the object of whose dream was the unification of hear ts and ideals. It had all the glowing enthusiasm of a religion, and it produced an immediate and a vast result even in his own lifetime. But the fact still remains that the Western mind, after centuries of contact with the East, has not evolved the enthusiasm of a chivalrous ideal which can bring this age to its fulfilment. It is everywhere raising thorny hedges of exclusion and whirl human sacrifices to national self-seeking. It has intensified the mutual feelings of envy among Western races themselves, as they fight over their spoils and debunk a carnivorous pride in their snarling rows of teeth. We must again guard our minds from any encroaching suspiciousness of the individuals of a nation.The active love of humanity and the spirit of martyrdom for the cause of justice and truth which I have met with in the Western countries have been a great lesson and inspiration to me. I have no doubt in my mind that the West owes its true greatness, not so much to its marvellous schoolin g of intellect, as to its spirit of service devoted to the welfare of man. Therefore I chatter with a personal feeling of pain and sadness about the collective power which is guiding the helm of Western civilisation. It is a passion, not an ideal. The more success it has brought to Europe, the more costly it will prove to her at last, when the accounts have to be rendered. And the signs are unmistakable, that the accounts have been called for. The time has come when Europe must know that the forcible parasitism which she has been practising upon the two large Continents of the worldthe two most unwieldy whales of humanitymust be causing to her moral nature a gradual atrophy and degeneration.As an example, let me quote the following extract from the concluding chapter of From the mantelpiece to Cairo, by Messrs. Grogan and Sharp, two writers who have the power to inculcate their doctrines by precept and example. In their reference to the African they are candid, as when they say, W e have stolen his land. Now we must steal his limbs. These two sentences, carefully articulated, with a taste of enjoyment, have been more clearly explained in the following statement, where some sense of that decency which is the attenuated ghost of a buried conscience, prompts the writers to use the phrase compulsory roil in place of the honest word slavery just as the modern politician adroitly avoids the word injunction and uses the word mandate. Compulsory labour in some form, they say, is the corollary of our occupation of the country. And they add It is pathetic, but it is history, implying thereby that moral sentiments have no in force(p) effect in the history of human beings.Elsewhere they write Either we must give up the country commercially, or we must make the African work. And mere abuse of those who point out the cul cannot change the facts. We must decide, and soon. Or rather the white man of South Africa will decide. The authors also confess that they have seen too much of the world to have any lingering belief that Western civilisation benefits native races. The logic is simplethe logic of egoism. But the argument is simplified by lopping off the greater part of the premise. For these writers seem to hold that the only important question for the white men of South Africa is, how indefinitely to grow fat on ostrich feathers and diamond mines, and dance jazz dances over the misery and abjection of a whole race of fellow-beings of a different colour from their own.Possibly they believe that moral laws have a special domesticated breed of comfortable concessions for the service of the people in power. Possibly they ignore the fact that commercial and political cannibalism, profitably practised upon foreign races, creeps back nearer home that the cultivation of unwholesome appetites has its final reckoning with the stomach which has been made to serve it. For, after all, man is a spiritual being, and not a mere living money-bag jumping from p rofit to profit, and breaking the backbone of human races in its financial leapfrog.Such, however, has been the condition of things for more than a century and to-day, trying to read the future by the light of the European conflagration, we are asking ourselves everywhere in the East Is this frightfully overgrown power really great? It can bruise us from without, but can it add to our wealth of spirit? It can sign peace treaties, but can it give peace? It was about two grounds years ago that all-powerful Rome in one of its eastern provinces executed on a cross a simple teacher of an obscure tribe of fishermen. On that day the Roman regulator felt no falling off of his appetite or sleep. On that day there was, on the one hand, the agony, the humiliation, the death on the other, the pomp of pride and festivity in the Governors palace. And to-day? To whom, then, shall we prorogue the head?Kasmai devaya havisha vidhema?(To which God shall we offer oblation?)We know of an instance in o ur own history of India, when a great personality, both in his life and voice, struck the keynote of the solemn music of the soullove for all creatures. And that music crossed seas, mountains, and deserts. Races belonging to different climates, habits, and languages were drawn together, not in the clash of arms, not in the conflict of exploitation, but in harmony of life, in amity and peace. That was creation. When we think of it, we see at once what the confusion of thought was to which the Western poet, dwelling upon the difference between East and West, referred when he said, never the orthodontic braces shall meet. It is true that they are not yet showing any real sign of meeting. But the reason is because the West has not sent out its humanity to meet the man in the East, but only its machine. Therefore the poets line has to be changed into something like this Man is man, machine is machine,And never the twain shall wed.You must know that red tape can never be a common human b ond that official sealing-wax can never provide means of mutual attachment that it is a wicked ordeal for human beings to have to receive favours from animated pigeonholes, and condescensions from printed circulars that give notice but never speak. The comportment of the Western people in the East is a human fact. If we are to gain anything from them, it must not be a mere sum-total of legal codes and systems of civil and military services. Man is a great deal more to man than that. We have our human birthright to claim direct help from the man of the West, if he has anything great to give us. It must come to us, not through mere facts in a juxtaposition, but through the spontaneous sacrifice made by those who have the gift, and therefore the responsibility. Earnestly I ask the poet of the Western world to realise and sing to you with all the great power of music which he has, that the East and the West are ever in search of each other, and that they must meet not merely in the fu lness of physical strength, but in fulness of truth that the right hand, which wields the sword, has the need of the left, which holds the shield of safety.The East has its put in the vast plains watched over by the snow-peaked mountains and fertilised by rivers carrying mighty volumes of water to the sea. There, under the blaze of a tropical sun, the physical life has bedimmed the light of its vigour and lessened its claims. There man has had the stay of mind which has ever tried to set itself in harmony with the inner notes of existence. In the silence of sunup and sunset, and on star-crowded nights, he has sat face to face with the Infinite, waiting for the revelation that opens up the heart of all that there is. He has said, in a rapture of realisation Hearken to me, ye children of the Immortal, who dwell in the state of Heaven. I have known, from beyond darkness, the Supreme Person, shining with the radiance of the sun.The man from the East, with his faith in the eternal, w ho in his soul had met the touch of the Supreme Persondid he never come to you in the West and speak to you of the Kingdom of Heaven? Did he not unite the East and the West in truth, in the unity of one spiritual bond between all children of the Immortal, in the realisation of one great spirit in all human persons? Yes, the East did once meet the West profoundly in the ontogeny of her life. Such union became possible, because the East came to the West with the ideal that is creative, and not with the passion that destroys moral bonds. The mystic consciousness of the Infinite, which she brought with her, was greatly needed by the man of the West to give him his balance. On the other hand, the East must find her own balance in Sciencethe magnificent gift that the West can bring to her.Truth has its nest as well as its sky. That nest is definite in structure, accurate in law of construction and though it has to be changed and rebuilt over and over again, the need of it is never-endin g and its laws are eternal. For some centuries the East has neglected the nest-building of truth. She has not been attentive to learn its secret. Trying to cross the trackless infinite, the East has relied merely upon her wings. She has spurned the earth, till, buffeted by storms, her wings are hurt and she is tired, sorely needing help. But has she then to be told that the messenger of the sky and the builder of the nest shall never meet?

Challenges and Opportunities of the Global Insurance Industry

Introduction The world-wide indemnity diligence seems to score escaped the worst of the pecuniary crisis in comparison to other pecuniary institutions. Day to day business has been relatively unaffected only when the bea that gave the most cause for care has a nearn from exposures to pretendy financial instruments. The Reactions Magazines Global Insurance Conference 2009 was held in Swissotel, Zurich, Switzerland. At this congregation the financial service effort tried to re destine itself following the worst crisis for years. (www. euromoneyseminars. com). Insurance is an open fabrication.Like other companies policy is facing gaind competition from world(a) players. It has been difficult for insurers to accomplish useful growth, so they pack to improve this. They provide need to adopt wise-sprung(prenominal) advanced approaches to expand their dispersion networks. This essay is divided into two sections. The first talks round the types of beats that are pres ent in the global amends manufacture. I pull up stakesing take each of these points and discuss them in detail growth, governance and stake watchfulness, market reporting, mergers and eruditenesss, human capital and lastly configuration and regulation.The second section realises at the opportunities that are accessible to the global indemnification industry within the next cardinal to twenty four months. They include fortuity modelling, disaster planning, manageing the industrys re put upation, grow globally, innovative overlaps and sales pitch and Focus on readdressing product and dissemination strategies. The indemnification industry is always looking for new opportunities in different services and geographies. To take reinforcement of these opportunities insurance companies need to re-examine their strategies and be prepared to drive basic changes in the way they work. The radical function of insurance is to act as a run a risk remove mechanism. The basic pr inciple of insurance is that the losses of the few are paid by the many. Its underlying purpose is to provide protection against the risk of financial loss, thus giving peace of mind to the policyholders. (www. peerpapers. com) Challenges are getting bigger for insurers as an incr assuagement in pressure for bigger profit margins. This means taking a hard look at reducing termss and top line revenue growth. Making a profit is due to the cogency to accurately assess risk and look after customer relationships over time in erect to get financial success.I am going to look at the following six challenges. 1. 1 Growth After a spell of cost cold shoulderting and readjustment, insurers are again moving up a gear and trying to strive for managed growth. While growth is valued by investors, it is hard to get wind in the fairly mature insurance industry. To be victorious in the future companies lead need to create and design new products and services, cross sell more than effective ly, strengthen their ties with brokers and agents and avail of any opportunities presented by emerging markets such as china and India. (www. pwc. com).Further demand for pensions and health insurance is equivalently to rise in the Western world as the universe ages and lives to enjoy a spaciouser retirement. Costs will re important critical however to meet the ever arbitrary demands of todays customers is liable to be the main point of contention. There are new openings from the increasing wealth of customers in new markets e. g. China. As their insurance industry is one of the fastest growth in the world with GDP at 3. 2% and the end of December 2008, they stand far behind the global average of insurance industry which stands at 7%. www. lloyds. com) Saturation of insurance markets in the certain world has made the Indian market more attractive for international insurers according to Booming Insurance Market in India (2008-2011). This is due to its huge race base and large untapped market. (www. newsblaze. com) 1. 2 Governance and Risk Management Natural calamities are other challenge facing the industry. Global warming has caused a change in weather patterns which perk up caused a shift in the underlying probability of insured loss by storms, floods, wind and heatwaves.Natural disasters like hurri tummyes Katrina and Rita whose losses amounted to $61. 5 billion (www. duncansadviceonmmoney. vox. com) These disasters posed some very serious problems for the insurance industry as they are faced by difficult and uncertain financial burdens because of this this has shown the importance of quality data and normalization of model outputs, effective validation and too the experience and initiation of the underwriter. Structures will have to be put in place to tackle the threat of climate change.The development of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) capabilities servicing to protect insurers from damages to their story and provide a platform for strengthen ing governance, decision making and compliance with regulations. Pricewaterhouse- Coopeus (ERM for the insurance industry) revealed that many insurers have difficulty implementing and enforcing ERM in the face of containing data, systems and governance challenges. Also found in this study were examples of how resourceful and efficient management and helping to overcome these hurdles and bring greater taste to the insurers ERM missions. www. pwc. com) 1. 3 Market Reporting Insurers are facing a major overhaul of market reporting. This contains the dart of the market Casistent Embedded Value Principle, a planned move to a finalised IFRS level for insurance contracts and the increase risk and capital management disclosure foreseen by EU Solvency II Scheduled for implementation in 2012, it is a new regulatory regime designed to provide a principles-based supervisory framework for European insurers and reinsures.Solvency II is a risk-based system and is existence built to meet the cha llenges of rapidly developing financial markets. It will also bring an change magnitude level of hydrofoil and harmonisation to the sector. (www. towersperrin. com). These changes are likely to set a model for global disclosure for others to follow in relation to risk. The observe elements , include the doable ad alternative of IFRS(International Financial Reporting Standards) in the US form 2014. Implementation of Solvency II and IFRS reporting will be demanding.The good news is that corresponding timings and basis of valuation could open up cost nest egg in areas like data, modelling and reconciliation. These changes help to increase stakeholder confidence by enabling insurers to show a single view of their business that shows more clearly how it is run on the inside. A survey by (IFRS 2007) insurance states that companies will need to provide more risk study and explanation to meet the exacting expectations that have come about from market events. (www. pwc. com) 1. 4 Merg ers and Acquisitions Although funding is a challenge from time to time.Mergers and Acquisitions is life-sustaining for business to expand complementary earnings streams, realise opportunities for cost saving synergies and reinforce their existence in fast increasing emerging markets. Emerging markets are underinsured and these present potential business for the insurance market. deep down ten years China is expected to become a leader in the global insurance market, while India is set to double its digits in the growth rate. However, due to cultural conflicts and protectionism could stop growth in economies. In the near future, the insurance industry is liable to be a very active degree for mergers and acquisitions.US insurance companies attractive evaluation will make it easier for insurers in the EU to infiltrate the US market. (www. pwc. com) 1. 5 Human Capital All organisations in the world realise the importance of people in the conduct of their business therefore the slip of classifying their employees as assets. The human resource management school of legal opinion tends to focus on the enrichment of the knowledgeable worker in confiness of its theory. Human resource planning should be part of the total resource planning equal to planning devoted to capital development and materials and equipment purposes. numerous insurers are facing an skills shortage in their custody. Training and development of staff is now on the order of business as a rule in all organisations. Improved productivity is expected to result in trained and motivated workers. The employee training programs are intended to provide them with more knowledge and skills so they can do their job to the best of their ability. Training is a visible pay-off and is seen immediately whereas development is future- orientated.. Lessons are being learnt on a continuous basis in the requirement of human capital in the new economy in comparison to the old economic labour force. M Morley et al 2004). This investment in recruitment and career development lags behind other financial sectors. They look at short term fixes rather than looking at the long term prospects. However, looking to the future demographic shifts accelerating globalisation look set to change the shape of the labour market and make it more difficult to attract and hold good people. (www. pwc. com) 1. 6 Compliance and Regulation Growing regulatory demands are bringing increased problems to insurers. Solvency II is included to require a critical check of capital and risk management along with sustaining information and documentation.The EU Reinsurance Directive gives a standard system of regulation and mutual recognition across Europe. This includes an ease of the regulatory limitations on securitisation which could give way for a large increase in risk transfer to the capital markets. Also they give a new definition of reinsurance that will prevent several contracts. Insurers are also facing a ceiling on regulatory changes including anti-money laundering and harder conditions on consumer protection. A get word challenge is to know how to include these requirements into business as usual. Enterprise wide risk management can assist in providing ways to do so.They can help by giving a greater understanding of the trade off between reenforce and risk which will result in a brighter capital allocation. (www. pwc. com) As I have discussed in the challenges previously opportunities in the next twelve to twenty-four months can be found by global expansion adopting the latest technologies to give break service delivery and provide services to meet the exacting requirements of the next generation of retirees. The insurance industry is in the process of undergoing transformation as a result of the following three factors sector specific, big and operational.Increased regulation requirements outsourcing, globalisation, new distribution channels, more modern IT systems and climate change a re adding to the increased volatility in the insurance industry today and they are now spatial relation themselves to be successful in the future that requires many changes in the way they do their business. China is one of the fastest growing insurance industries in the globe. China Insurance sector hope 2013 is the outcome of much research and in depth study of the insurance market in China. Between 2009 and 2013 it is expected to grow CAGR of 28% 30%.Chinas insurance industry is already out of the financial crisis and is expected to make great headway in the coming years. In 2008, the industry grew in the fastest pace since 2002, due to the rising insurance sentience level and government support. Insurance products which include life, health, and personal accidents accounts for the majority of growth. Property insurance products are also growing rapidly and are basically divided into two segments motor and commercial property insurance. Non life insurance products i. e. that is product liability, credit and marine insurance etc.These will decide the long term viability of the non- life insurance market. 2. 1 Disaster Modelling The tragic impact of the Asian Tsunami, as well as the worst Japanese typoon in 2004 was the year of improbable disasters. As a result, this forces us to look at how we prepare for such risks. Hurricane forecasting began in the 1980s, forecasters have tried for many decades in spite of being unsuccessful to deliver accurate predictions, and landfall activities. Scientists of tropical storm risk in London denote that they had developed a new model which represents a major step forward.. (www. lloyds. om) Insurers also use models developed by companies e. g. Air Worldwide Corporation to predict the damages caused by storms so that insurers can forecast the payouts to be made. (www. informationweek. com). This reminds us of the importance of investing in scientific research to help our understanding of risk and its impact 2. 2 Dis aster Planning Insurance and disaster planning are closely related to as they both deal with the risk of the disaster happening and the after math. Due to the upward trend of catastrophe events we see the need for robust and effective disaster planning for the future.Part of the solution must be insurance markets and their regulators working together sharing their respective knowledge and expertise. By doing this, we can be sure that response procedures are well tested and run as smooth as doable for when the next disaster strikes. In terms of claim handling, lessons can be learnt. The shortage of adjustors on the groundwork and the mishandling of claims by some shows how important the relationship between the insurer, the adjustor and the regulator is. As the frequency and cost of disasters goes upwards it will be very important to have a relationship based on trust and flexibility. (www. lloyds. om) 2. 3 Managing the Industrys reputation Improving transparency and disclosure a re two issues which are infallible to manage and improve the industries reputation that has been rocked by high profile developments. For instance in the USA the red-hot York State Attorney Generals investigation sparked very close scrutiny of the commercial insurance market. In the minds of customers, commentators and regulators the financial service industry has been left with a very poor image, after the recent investigations. These investigations highlighted the lack of transparency and accountability that are expected of a 21st century business environment.These issues can no daylong be ignored. In a survey, by Lloyds of a hundred underwriters, one third admitted that the industries reputation is tarnished. hydrofoil and disclosure as well as good communication appears to be the answer to those outside the industry globally. Basically more time communicating and building bridges with consumers, economic leaders and world politicians initially means less problems down the li ne. (www. lloyds. com) 2. 4 Grow Globally Sales in new markets or by new acquisitions insurance companies need to grow globally more than ever before.Growth in the European and American market is slowing down while growth in India and China is increasing. The aging population presents insurers with a dilemma. The industry has great difficulty in attracting and retaining talent than other sectors of the financial services industry.. This situation is going to get worse as there are more retirees and fewer graduates moving into the top jobs. There is also a loss of graduates to banking and other financial institutions. Concern is expressed about the career path from insurance company hire to insurance agent.If this problem is not addressed the industrys sale force would diminish. By moving into the European and American markets, insurers can grow a less risky strategy rather than expanding into new product lines. Those who do go overseas have to look at the various business lines in d ifferent markets. Chinas middle class and aging population with long term care and security needed make it a very viable option for foreign insurance companies. By 2010 China will be a major player on the insurance market. The same is also said of India. (www. rmislab. com) 2. 5 Innovate Products and deliveryInnovation is seen as the main driver of profit over the next three and five years both in delivery and product innovation. By building relationships with customers moving them for example form car insurance to other insurances as they become asset rich. By providing better service and delivery insurers can strengthen their customer base. technology can strengthen relationships with intermediaries which helps them run more expeditiously and reduce their running costs. Insurers must look to cut cost they can do this by cost reduction initiatives like outsourcing and use of shared services, rationalizing product portfolios .Companies need original approaches and to continue to in vest in this very complicated environment. (www. rmislab. com). In 2007, AXA Equitable lifetime Insurance Co introduced a variety of enhancements to its variable annuities including an expanded choice of living benefits and the upbundling of optional income and wipeout benefits (www. deloitte. com) 2. 6 Focus on readdressing product and Distribution Strategies As the economy continues to even out, insurers need to prize their decisions and distribution channels.These decisions are vital in assisting insurers rebuild capital as well as positioning themselves for future growth. (www. ey. com). Insurance companies that sell directly through call centres, internet and direct mail have been performing better and this is due to lower costs because of their economies of scale and strong internet capabilities. Compared to independent insurance agents who lack these advantages have been put under pressure they require support and further development. Insurers need to find ways to work mor e effectively across product lines e. . give a customer packages that reward him/her for being a good driver. (www. deloitte. com) Conclusion In my findings I have found that the insurance industry has survived the financial crisis much better in comparison to the banking sector. This is due to its strong focus on risk management and long term prospects. Even though capital markets have decreased downwards their insurance assets, insurers are optimistic about the future and some are expecting an improvement in prospects in mergers and acquisition over the next twelve to twenty four months.The global insurance industry faces many challenges but despite these that they are being faced with the majority of insurers must move into fast growing markets i. e. India and China or find new innovative ways to get more businesses out of slower growing developed markets. China with its huge population is an obvious choice while the latter options include diversification, new products and speci ality products. Insurers need to improve their risk management especially in the areas of disaster modelling and managing the industries reputation as it is vital to have a tarnished free reputation.Finally insurers need to work effectively and efficiently to develop and market a range of products aimed at older customers. In this intensely competitive market, employers will need to develop an excellent human resource management capable of responding to business needs and the workforce expectations. They will need to be able to identify and realise opportunities for career development prospects and other key areas of their employment. (www. pwc. com) With this knowledge insurers will be able to position their business models to optimize investment returns and control trading operations using the most effective and efficient methods available.